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宋孝宗,赵昚《后赤壁赋卷》草书,纵24.5厘米,横101.4厘米,现藏于辽宁省博物馆。宋孝宗赵昚(1127-1194年),原名伯琮,字永元,是南宋第二位皇帝。
由于该作之末没有作者的款识,因此对于书写人是谁这一问题,从元代起就有不同的说法:有人认为是宋徽宗赵佶所书,有人认为是宋高宗赵构之作,还有人认为是宋孝宗赵昚手笔。赵昚学赵构书法很像,几可乱真。从书写上分析,赵昚作字较之赵构,往往落笔凝重不够,结字略显松懈。检视此卷,正有这样的欠缺。再则,赵昚更喜爱苏轼诗文,因此这件草书《后赤壁赋》卷当出自赵昚之手。
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此作虽为草书,读之却使人感受到不温不火、从容自如的大将风范。赵昚书法无连绵苟且之习,用笔起讫分明,笔笔清楚,字字独立而气脉连贯,易于辨识。我们可以从中抽出单个的字来一一欣赏,即便脱离整幅的语言环境也不碍观瞻。赵昚此卷有自家面貌,但也渊源有自,从笔意、字势中均可看到唐、宋书家对他的影响。注重法度是赵昚书法之长,这与苏轼主张“真生行,行生草,真如立,行如行,草如走,未有未能行立而能走者”是一致的。世云“唐人尚法,宋人尚意”,是就唐与宋的整体书风而言的;倘若专论草书,宋人也是“尚法”的。赵昚书法即可印证这一点。
【释文】是岁十月之望,步自雪堂,将归于临皋。二客从予过黄泥之坂。霜露既降,木叶尽脱,人影在地,仰见明月,顾而乐之,行歌相答。已而叹曰:“有客无酒,有酒无肴,月白风清,如此良夜何!”客曰:“今者薄暮,举网得鱼,巨口细鳞,状如松江之鲈。顾安所得酒乎?”归而谋诸妇。妇曰:“我有斗酒,藏之久矣,以待子不时之需。”于是携酒与鱼,复游于赤壁之下。江流有声,断岸千尺;山高月小,水落石出。曾日月之几何,而江山不可复识矣。予乃摄衣而上,履谗岩,披蒙茸,踞虎豹,登虬龙,攀栖鹘之危巢,俯冯夷之幽宫。盖二客不能从焉。划然长啸,草木震动,山鸣谷应,风起水涌。予亦悄然而悲,肃然而恐,凛乎其不可留也。反而登舟,放乎中流,听其所止而休焉。时夜将半,四顾寂寥。适有孤鹤,横江东来。翅如车轮,玄裳缟衣,戛然长鸣,掠予舟而西也。须臾客去,予亦就睡。梦一道士,羽衣蹁跹,过临皋之下,揖予而言曰:“赤壁之游乐乎?”问其姓名,俯而不答。“呜呼!噫嘻!我知之矣。畴昔之夜,飞鸣而过我者,非子也邪?”道士顾笑,予亦惊寤。开户视之,不见其处。
赵昚《后赤壁赋》
后附单字版
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![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-VJKOnH.jpg)
【1】是岁十月之望,步自雪堂,将归于临皋。二客从予过黄泥之坂。霜露既降,木叶
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-Kyk3Xu.jpg)
【2】尽脱,人影在地,仰见明月,顾而乐之,行歌相答。已而叹曰:“有客无酒,有酒无肴,
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-RTwO9m.jpg)
【3】月白风清,如此良夜何!”客曰:“今者薄暮,举网得鱼,巨口细鳞,状如松江之鲈。顾
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-0ZVHea.jpg)
【4】安所得酒乎?”归而谋诸妇。妇曰:“我有斗酒,藏之久矣,以待子不时之需。”于是
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-pAhCY5.jpg)
【5】携酒与鱼,复游于赤壁之下。江流有声,断岸千尺;山高月小,水落石出。曾日月
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-CH5oF5.jpg)
【6】之几何,而江山不可复识矣。予乃摄衣而上,履谗岩,披蒙茸,踞虎豹,登虬龙,攀
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-6SituC.jpg)
【7】栖鹘之危巢,俯冯夷之幽宫。盖二客不能从焉。划然长啸,草木震动,山鸣谷应,
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-OoZDFM.jpg)
【8】风起水涌。予亦悄然而悲,肃然而恐,凛乎其不可留也。反而登舟,放乎中流,听
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-ZMbc7Z.jpg)
【9】其所止而休焉。时夜将半,四顾寂寥。适有孤鹤,横江东来。翅如车轮,玄裳缟衣,
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-RGAHnr.jpg)
【10】戛然长鸣,掠予舟而西也。须臾客去,予亦就睡。梦一道士,羽衣蹁跹,过临皋之
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-I9PWeM.jpg)
【11】下,揖予而言曰:“赤壁之游乐乎?”问其姓名,俯而不答。“呜呼!噫嘻!我知之矣。畴昔
![](http://www.shufayi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/27468-DFfCrH.jpg)
【12】之夜,飞鸣而过我者,非子也邪?”道士顾笑,予亦惊寤。开户视之,不见其处。
单字版
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