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颜真卿书巜宋璟碑》,又称巜宋广平碑》,碑制巨大,四面刻,三面楷书,一面隶书,洋洋三千余言,在河北邢台,为颜书碑第一巨制。碑文景星庆云,书法龙翔凤翥,碑文所撰文贞公,为唐代奇绝名士,鲁公书则气节皎皎,与日月同光,神彩照耀千古,为世之瑰宝。
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此碑初立之时,前后及右侧刻了碑文,大历八年(773年),颜真卿任湖州刺史,思碑文有所疏漏,又增补了碑文,不巧宋璟第八子宋衡因事被谪沙州,后在敦煌保卫战中陷于吐蕃,此事搁浅。大历十二年(778年)十一月吐蕃敬仰宋璟盛名,送宋衡还朝,年已七十的颜真卿又重写了补文,第二年刻于碑左。从此这座总高4.2米(碑身2.85米)、宽1.47米、厚0.42米的丰碑耸立于宋璟墓前,成为“古今荣观”, 此时距宋璟去世已过去了四十年。
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宋璟碑全名“大唐故尚书右丞相赠太尉文贞公宋公神道之碑”,落款“金紫光禄大夫行抚州刺史上柱国鲁郡开国公颜真卿撰并书”,所以世人也称“颜鲁公碑”。全碑共三千六百一十三字,称赞宋璟幼年聪明(七岁能文),历仕五朝(武皇、中宗、殇帝、睿宗、玄宗)52年间刚直不阿、两度为相、守文持正、治国安邦的事迹,今天读来仍能想像到宋璟当时的风采,令人肃然起敬。此碑因宋璟人品高洁、碑文文采斐然和颜真卿晚年炉火纯青的书法被后世誉为“三绝”碑。宋代文豪欧阳修、清大学士魏裔介对此碑极为推崇。
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天放楼,中国近现代史上以此名斋者有二,一为阳湖赵烈文,一为吴江金松岑,本文所言为赵烈文之藏书斋。赵烈文,字惠甫,号能静居士,斋在江苏常熟城区翁府前之赵园(即静圃)内。
阳湖赵氏,家族显赫,世代书香,烈文从小深受影响。然三应乡试不售,遂绝意科举。清咸丰五年(1855)冬,因姊丈周腾虎荐,得曾国藩邀,偕好友龚橙入曾幕。但好景不长,因对湘军有所批评,于次年春辞归。后复入出曾幕三次,颇得倚重,多所筹划,并由曾保举任易州知州。光绪元年(1875),呈请开缺,回到常熟家中。自此赋闲家居,整理图籍,修缮庭园,访书交友,悠然自得。一如其早前所言:“清泉几旁,名山砚北,居稽一室,乐莫与俦矣。”十二年初,以庭院西南隅荒芜犹昔,重为整葺。此次修葺,于藏书处设置,多所关注,可于其日记中见之:“南洲之上为楼五楹,移天放楼名名之,家藏典籍,悉庋其中。四围皆水,无毗连屋舍,庶期永久。”
赵烈文藏书甚夥,分庋于静圃内之天放楼、能静居、黛语楼中,因其光绪四年手编《天放楼书目》至今未见,难窥其藏书全豹,但可于其《庚申避乱日记》《能静居日记》和《落花春雨巢日记》,北京图书馆、中央民族大学图书馆、南京图书馆、常熟图书馆、台湾中央图书馆等现存其藏书,其子赵宽《小脉望馆书目》中略见一斑。
“天放楼”匾额,为其好友书法大家常熟杨沂孙篆书,法度谨严,功力湛深。匾后款识以小行楷出之,变化随意,流畅得体,文曰:“同治丁卯春初,惠甫吾弟属。虞椒杨沂孙书。”同治丁卯,即公元1867年,时赵烈文携眷移居常熟恰好二年,曾国藩刚好回任两江总督。是年四月,赵烈文第三次入曾幕。杨沂孙生于清嘉庆十八年(1813),长赵烈文约二十岁,故款中以弟称之。此匾引首钤“吉祥止止室”朱文方印,尾钤“杨沂孙印”“子与”二枚白文方印。
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